The handshake, a common gesture of greeting and agreement, has a history that stretches back to ancient civilizations. The earliest known use of a handshake dates to ancient Greece in the 5th century BCE. This gesture likely originated as a symbol of peace, demonstrating that neither party carried a weapon and thus intended no harm.
In ancient Greece, the handshake was more than a simple greeting. It served as a gesture of trust and mutual respect. Depictions of handshakes can be found on various Greek artifacts, including vases, gravestones, and sculptures, highlighting its significance in social and diplomatic interactions. One notable example is a funerary stele from around 400 BCE, showing two soldiers clasping hands, symbolizing equality and camaraderie.
The gesture’s significance extended into Roman times, where it was used in various social and political contexts. The Romans referred to the handshake as “dextrarum iunctio,” meaning the joining of right hands, and it was often depicted in art and literature to signify alliances, agreements, and marriages.
Handshakes also had practical implications in these ancient societies. By extending an open hand, individuals could show they were unarmed, reducing the immediate threat of violence and fostering an environment of trust. This practice likely evolved as a social norm to promote peaceful interactions and cooperation among individuals and groups.
Beyond its ancient Greek and Roman roots, the handshake has been adopted and adapted by numerous cultures worldwide, each imbuing it with its own meanings and customs. In some cultures, the handshake became a formalized part of rituals and ceremonies, while in others, it remained a casual greeting.
In medieval Europe, the handshake was often used in sealing feudal oaths and agreements between knights and lords. This act of clasping hands was seen as a binding contract, emphasizing the trust and honor of the parties involved. The handshake’s association with trust and agreement continued to evolve through the centuries, becoming a staple in diplomatic and business interactions.
In modern times, the handshake has become a ubiquitous gesture across the globe, symbolizing everything from greetings and farewells to the sealing of deals and agreements. Despite cultural variations in its execution, the underlying themes of trust, respect, and cooperation remain central to its meaning.
Today, the handshake continues to hold significant social value, even in an era where digital communication is prevalent. It remains a powerful nonverbal cue, conveying sincerity and mutual respect in personal and professional interactions.