
Choreomania
The Dancing Plague of 1518, also known as the “Dance Epidemic of 1518” or “Choreomania,” was a bizarre event that took place in Strasbourg, France (then part of the Holy Roman Empire) during the summer of that year.
The epidemic began in July when a woman named Frau Troffea stepped into the street and started dancing fervently. She continued dancing for days without rest, and within a week, about 30 others had joined her. By the end of the month, the number of dancers had grown to around 400.
People danced uncontrollably for days, some even weeks, without rest. Many suffered from exhaustion, dehydration, and heart attacks. Some dancers even died from the prolonged exertion. Contemporary accounts describe how the dancers would scream, laugh, cry, and make obscene gestures while dancing.
Local authorities, at a loss for how to address the situation, initially believed that the dancers would recover if they were allowed to dance continuously. They opened guildhalls and erected wooden stages for the dancers. Musicians were even hired to provide music to accompany the dancing.
However, as the epidemic continued and more people fell ill or died, the city authorities changed their approach. They banned music and dancing in public and even declared that the dancers were possessed by the devil. Some dancers were taken to a shrine dedicated to St. Vitus, the patron saint of dancers, in the hopes that he would intercede.
The exact cause of the Dancing Plague remains a mystery. Modern theories suggest that the dancers may have suffered from mass psychogenic illness (MPI), a condition in which physical symptoms with no identifiable cause spread through a cohesive group. Other theories propose ergot poisoning (caused by a fungus that grows on rye and can cause hallucinations and convulsions) or even a form of religious ecstasy as potential explanations.
The Dancing Plague gradually subsided by early September 1518. While the exact number of deaths is unknown, historical records suggest that some dancers indeed died from exhaustion or related complications.
This unusual event remains one of history’s most intriguing and perplexing cases of mass hysteria, showcasing the complex interplay between social, psychological, and potentially even biological factors in shaping human behavior.










